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Configurare DHCP server

In acest tutorial vom arata cum sa-ti setezi dhcp server pentru reteaua ta locala.

Arhitectura retelei:

• In reteaua mea locala folosesc clasa 192.168.0.0, masca ( subnetmask) 255.255.255.0 , broadcast 192.168.0.255
• Gateway-ul este 192.168.0.1 – pe aceasta masina doresc sa configurez server de dhcp
• DNS-urile pe care ISP-ul mi le-a dat sunt urmatoarele 193.230.219.2, 84.247.120.1, 193.230.219.60, 193.230.219.1
• O sa vreau ca serverul de dhcp sa gestioneze 10 ip-uri pentru ca nu am nevoie de mai mult

Instalare:

# apt-get install dhcp3-server

In timpul instalarii o sa va arate niste informatii referitoare la serverul dhcp. Apasati ENTER. Desemenea ignorati mesajul:

Generating /etc/default/dhcp3-server…
Starting DHCP server: dhcpd3 failed to start – check syslog for diagnostics.
invoke-rc.d: initscript dhcp3-server, action “start” failed.

Eroarea este justificata pentru ca inca nu am configurat nimic.

Configurare:

Avem nevoie sa-i spunem serverului de dhcp pe ce interfata sa asculte. Serverul meu foloseste interfata eth0 pentru reteaua locala.

# vi /etc/default/dhcp3-server

INTERFACES=”eth0″

Fac backup la fisierul de configurare. Este un sample dupa care putem sa ne ghidam in viitor

# cp /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf_orig

# cat /dev/null > /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf

# vi /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style none;

option domain-name-servers 193.230.219.2, 84.247.120.1, 193.230.219.60, 193.230.219.1;

default-lease-time 25920000;
max-lease-time 25920000;

authoritative;

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
range 192.168.0.2 192.168.0.10;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
option routers 192.168.0.1;
}

Doresc ca cele doua calculatoare ale mele sa primeasca acelasi ip. Pentru a realiza acest lucru adaug in fisierul de configurare urmatoarele linii:

host anaconda {
hardware ethernet 00:14:85:0B:14:B2;
fixed-address 192.168.0.2;
option routers 192.168.0.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
}

host laptop {
hardware ethernet 00:13:D4:33:72:FF;
fixed-address 192.168.0.3;
option routers 192.168.0.1;
option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;
}

Serverul dhcp a fost configurat. Restartam serverul de dhcp pentru a pornii cu noile setari:

# /etc/init.d/dhcp3-server

Puteti deasemenea sa verificati daca ruleaza folosind comanda:

# netstat -uap

Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
udp 0 0 *:bootps *:* 5757/dhcpd3

# grep bootps /etc/services

bootps 67/tcp # BOOTP server
bootps 67/udp

Cum verificam sa vedem daca serverul este configurat corect?

Porniti un calculator in retea setati ca ip-urile sa fie luate automat.

Apoi verificati logurile.

# tail /var/log/syslog
May 4 22:39:59 naboo dhcpd: Dynamic and static leases present for 192.168.0.3.
May 4 22:39:59 naboo dhcpd: Remove host declaration laptop or remove 192.168.0.3
May 4 22:39:59 naboo dhcpd: from the dynamic address pool for 192.168.0/24
May 4 22:39:59 naboo dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.0.3 from 00:13:d4:33:72:ff via eth0
May 4 22:39:59 naboo dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.0.3 to 00:13:d4:33:72:ff via eth0

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